The Human Living Condition Essays

The Human Living Condition Essays The Human Living Condition Essay The Human Living Condition Essay The human life has been an engaging point of late. Individuals are attempting to discover various reasons for this. My composing will cautiously introduce the major of this wonder. Above all else, what I put in my need is everyday environment. It can't be prevented that each viewpoint from securing our life have been improved. Rather than dozing on the wet and cold ground, saving an open eye for perilous predators, individuals currently can live in harmony and autonomous, they can seek after their fantasies unreservedly without anything to stop them in their journey.More strikingly, the people’s covers gained amazing ground, yet in addition the food. None of us can make due without food, that’s why it is a vital piece of our day by day life. On the off chance that we think back and look at the food from the Stone Age to the food that we’re eating right now, we can see that our food currently is better than anyone might have expected, it contains a different measure of nourishment that can keep our body in a solid and stable state. Past any questions, everyday environment will positively assist individuals with living longer and guard them from the risky wild life.Second of all, medicine holds an equivalent spot in the embodiment. It is totally evident that these days, we have ourselves a different number of cutting edge specialists all around the world. Numerous great specialists additionally implies that the life of the residents will be in acceptable hand, as the outcome, individuals will live longer gratitude to the hand of those specialists. All the more strikingly, in the event that specialists are the fighters who salvage individuals, at that point present day medication is their weapons. Today, exceptionally innovation is utilized to make valuable medications so as to kill deadly ailment, ailment, and even toxin of unsafe animals.For model, in the event that you got bit by a harmful snake, specialists can fix you by essentially infuse you with an uncommon medication or immunization that extricated legitimately from the toxic substance of that sort of snake. Without questions, medicine holds a significant job in keeping individuals to live more. To wrap things up, the plentiful sorts of administrations fulfill our need of diversion and unwind. It can't be denied that doing exercise in the rec center is a decent propensity which can assist us with keeping fit and discharge pressure. The adolescent as well as the old consistently play sports in order to extend their muscles.More strikingly, researchers have demonstrated that by doing activities and playing sports, individuals will be more grounded, more advantageous, more joyful and even protract their age. That is totally evident in light of the fact that my mom typically gets up at four am to do vigorous exercise, so she is in every case brimming with vitality and feel solid. Without a doubt, practices are fundamental for individuals to remain healthy and extend their season of living. All things considered, on account of the accomplishments in science, adjusted dinners and valuable exercises that individuals appreciate, they presently are living longer than previously.

Research Impact on E-commerce Analyzing the Case Downfall of eBay

Question: How the Market Has been Taken Over by the Amazon. Answer: Presentation Today the economy is a framework which rehearses current innovation. Number of organizations has enthusiastically moved their organizations, from customary business to web. As web conveys new possibilities for organizations to broaden their business exercises and furthermore encourages in expanding their benefits. Web isn't just important for the organizations yet additionally fundamental for the business forms. Online business can be viewed as a creative monetary framework that grants to increase the deals and to diminish the costs(Kin, 2010). For instance, various organizations have grandly controlled the zones wherein a standard business types' vanquished over the organizations just a couple of years back. This exploration proposition lays accentuation on monetary administration's effect on online business, this examination will be finished by dissecting the case: ruin of eBay and how the market has been taken over by the Amazon. Both of the organizations are notable and help out their business exercises through online business. In eBay, both purchasing and selling should be possible by individuals. Then again, in Amazon, items are being offered to the customers(Silverman, 2016). This proposition id completed to evaluate the issues which came about as defeat of eBay and the procedures utilized by Amazon to vanquish the commercial center. Significance of the examination is additionally being remembered for this proposition as by leading this exploration diverse various clients will be profited. Expected aftereffects of the exploration are additionally understood in this proposition. Issue Statement Web based business associations can expeditiously form their business into multi-billion dollar industry by rehearsing the budgetary administration in appropriate ways(Kin, 2010). The primary issue for which research will be led partners with the ill-advised money related administration which can prompted destruction of web based business association; while the correct budgetary administration can encourage a web based business association to hold a spot in market(Qin, et al., 2014). To proceed with the examination, spotlight will be driven on two significant associations for example Amazon.com and E-Bay.com. E-Bay was very much perceived brand before to the foundation of Amazon. Prior, eBay had surplus assets in contrast with Amazon yet inappropriate usage of the assets and some off-base systems received by eBay, didn't resist in accomplishing development and then again, Amazon rehearsed monetary administration in appropriate way which helped it to hold a superior and enormous market place(Cheffy, 2011). This issue is critical to be thought of with the goal that online business associations will comprehended the significant of money related administration and lay accentuation on rehearsing better approaches to deal with their monetary assets so as to accomplish development, benefit and get ready to accomplish a spot in the market. Research Aim, Objectives and Question Research point The point of the examination will be to evaluate the elements which prompted the ruin of e-Bay and the variables which encouraged Amazon to accomplish commercial center. To accomplish my exploration's point spotlight will be laid on the viewpoints which would assist with distinguishing those variables which help in development of an association (Amazon) just as which became purpose behind defeat of another association for example eBay(Silverman, 2016). Research Objective-Main goals of the exploration will be to evaluate a few viewpoints which ought to be focused by online business associations. Research Question-Question that emerges in the exploration is connected with the issue proclamation of research proposition. As the principle issue for which research is important to be led put an inquiry for example - How e-Bay confronted ruin and what are the reasons that made, Amazon to accomplish place in market(Flick, 2014). Avocation of the Project The venture will be helpful for a few clients, all the more significantly to the internet business associations. As they will get data about the variables which can help in accomplishing better commercial center and factors which can become purpose behind ruin of the organization(Maxwell, 2012). Through this activities, clients will come to think about the significance of web based business and the advantages which they can benefit by doing on the web business. This task will profit the clients the individuals who run online business, yet additionally to the individuals who have customary business to know the significance of monetary administration for making brief progress and to expand benefits. As through considering this undertaking, individuals will come to think about the significant parts of budgetary administration for the achievement and development of business. This undertaking will likewise be useful for the analysts who have enthusiasm for money related management(Kauffma n Tallon, 2014). Most importantly, this venture will be generally significant for the associations for example eBay and Amazon; as eBay in the wake of contemplating the report can make arrangement to improve its money related administration and procedures could likewise be additionally received by the organization to make improvement by rolling out certain improvements in its business procedure and distinguishing the hazard which can cause vulnerabilities for the business in future.; then again, Amazon could utilize this report to recognize the angles which can become explanation behind destruction of the business and afterward appropriate arranging should be possible by the organization to moderate those components which can make misfortune in the business. Potential Research Outcome Every single research is led to accomplish something. The result of the exploration is useful to evaluate the appropriate response of the examination question. In the event that the result of the examination don't help in accomplishing the point and destinations of the exploration then it is imperative to do the examination again(Zopounidis, 2012). The normal research results of this exploration proposition are referenced beneath: It will recognize the variables which can be a reason for ruin of business associations. The elements which can encourage development in business just as to accomplish better commercial center are the normal result of this examination. Significance of web for web based business is additionally one of the normal result of the examination, as the advantages which could be accomplished by the business associations would be laid concentration in the exploration and this will came as result of the examination and will be useful for the association to comprehend significance of internet(Qin, et al., 2014). Another normal result of the examination is, advantages of online business. Advantages of budgetary administration and the manners in which ought to be concentrated for the executives of assets is one of the other anticipated result of the examination. Reasonable system Right now, web based business use for organizations has end up being vital not just for the steadiness to space commercial center, yet additionally to increase the piece of the overall industry comparable to the brief advancement of data advances just as heighten the job of the absorbed computerization ventures and Internet. Online business should be possible by any individual in a fruitful way, and the business can be constrained by the utilization of web, independent of physical area. The Virtual World Wide Web gives better possibilities to building up an online business for the explanation that it has an all inclusive character. There are number of advantages related with online business and some of them are- Minimization of expenses. Least starting venture Capacity to work 24 hours per day. Accessibility of huge information(John Tonder, 2017). Ideal picture of the organization can be made and kept up through online business. Better open doors can be given to the customers. It is being recognize by eBay that its principle business for example closeout exercises faces loosening movement in the market. In the administrative recording, it is revealed by the organization that, it is confronting challenge in the Germany, U.S and U.K's market, which are its 3 biggest markets for dynamic clients and development of postings. It is normal that in coming period, danger of more vulnerable client spending in these market could be confronted. Lately, the income of eBay has endured a sensational easing back of development as destruction in rates are 30% to 40%. As per (Hansell, 2009) the arrangements embraced by eBay has made it less alluring to its indistinguishable market for example merchants of collectibles and collectibles. eBay is making purchasers pay with electronic installment strategies or charge cards, yet a large number of the antique customers despite everything wish to send checks to venders through sends. One of the explanation behind fall in Web traffic of eBay is that-merchants use to invest less energy in the eBays webpage as they use to like to spread their stocks to Amazon. So as to draw consideration of clients eBay is attempting to make dependable spot for the purchasers, yet it has fallen in satisfying the requirements of purchasers. On the off chance that anybody buys something from Amazon, at that point the person gets ensure for that stock however eBay is as yet taking a shot at the assurance terms, said by (Hansell, 2009). The site if eBay has changed from attempting to advance itself as a spot for a full scope of product to one that accentuated slow time of year and utilized goods.EBays traffic has started to fall strongly and it has dipped under in contrast with Amazon. EBay is doing battle in getting prior clients to return, notwithstanding the standard test of alluring new clients to its locales. Changes were made by eBay in its approaches and charge terms on its commercial center, however these progressions made contentions with huge number of sellers(Hill Jones, 2012). This contention drove the clients to move their business away from eBay's site and fall was recorded in net product volume and in a few fruitful postings which will in general mischief in gainfulness and working results.Pessimistic language utilized by eBay to clarify its business possibilities repeat an emergingawareness that eBay is no longerthe lone game in advertise for brokers. Defeat of eBay has encouraged Amazon to appreciate streaming development in its business if exchanging. Changes in cost by eBay has come about as revol

Freshman Fifty-Four

Freshman Fifty-Four Two weeks of class have already flown by. Problem sets are perpetual, clubs and UROPs are underway, and the realization that I have officially begun working towards my degree has settled in. This semester, I took 54 units; Four regular courses and one half semester class to reach the credit limit. To give you a glimpse of what a week of my life looks like, here is my schedule: (NO 9 A.M. CLASSES HEHE) Every weekday, I start off with Biology. I knew I was going to take biology my first semester here under Pass/No Record because I have not taken a biology class since 9th grade and well, I figured if one class was going to be a disaster, it’d be this one. I was always heavily involved with chemistry and physics at my high school, so I was definitely the most concerned that I was going to be thrown into a class with virtually zero prior knowledge and expected to perform well. Luckily enough, I got into 7.012 through the lottery! The class is taught by Professor Lander and Professor Weinberg that make the subject easy to understand and much more interesting. Also, they both are insanely accomplished, and the stuff they have done for the field is just crazy. Look them up! I never had a true interest in biology like I do with the other sciences, but I have really enjoyed the class thus far. It also should be mentioned that it is a major plus to hear the man who discovered the first oncogene say, “The street value of NADH is 3 ATPs, when explaining biochemistry to us. Then there’s 8.02; Physics 2: Electricity and Magnetism. This is easily my favorite subject! It was always my favorite aspect of high school physics and nothing has changed here. I have Professor Tegmark who, on the first day, said hello and greetings to people in my class in probably twenty-five languages. I think the whole class was just waiting at one point for someone to say they were from a different nation to see if he knew the native tongue. It was the definitely the most linguistically satisfying moment I will most likely ever get to experience. The class is in TEAL format that focuses a lot on group problem solving. We work in groups of three, which works out perfectly since two other Interphasers, Nicole and Sarah, are in there with me. As a class, we take up all the whiteboards that surround the class and fill them up with Gauss this and Gauss that by the end of the class. Contrary to the norm, I have really enjoyed TEAL so far, but I will follow up at the end of the sem ester. Oh, by the way, I am pretty sure Professor Tegmark declared National Gauss Appreciation Day on September 13th. To not get so long winded on the rest, I will just write the highlights below: 6.0001 (Intro Comp Sci; Python): The classic day/problem set/opening up python consists of me screaming at a computer to stop messing up every time I hit the Run button. Computers and programming are like a foreign language to me as of now, so I am really working extra in this class. Also, for those who use MITX, seeing Professor Grimson in person was the equivalent of seeing Jaden Smith. 18.02 (Multivariable Calculus): The Professor brought us Redbull on the first day. 17.40 (American Foreign Policy): “Merica”, power struggles, and the historical game of RISK. For a history geek like me, this class is a great mashup between historical analysis and political science that is extremely fascinating with a very knowledgeable professor. Last but not least, there’s Squash! Picture this: The previously #1 ranked squash player in the world is coaching a group on the fundamentals of the game. The whistle blows and practice begins. An individual get hit smack in the face within a mere minute by a squash ball rebounded from the wall. That individual is me Tuesdays and Thursdays from 2-3 p.m. I will say, I love ping pong, and I am really starting to enjoy this class as well as a lot of skills and such transfer over. Besides the classes part of the day, I am starting to ease into some potential clubs, looking at intramural sports, and my UROP just got started last Tuesday! Also, I have been riding my bike on the weekends to different townships and really getting a lay of the land. Newton, Massachusetts is absolutely stunning. I am getting into a routine here already, and I am honestly extremely excited. I feel comfortable at MIT. I feel I definitely belong here. Post Tagged #6.0001 #7.012 Intro to Biology #8.02 Physics II: Electricity and Magnetism #PE #Squash

Life in the Iron Mills by Rebecca Harding Davis - 797 Words

Similar to other critics, â€Å"Life in the Iron Mills† by Rebecca Harding Davis, is a sentimental story with an ending that changes the tone of the story. As suggested by the majority of this text, there was not to be a favorable ending for the characters as the narrator portrays them so pessimistically; the very first passage begins â€Å"Is this the end? O Life, as futile, then, as frail! What hope of answer is redress?† (p.51). The text might have had a more completed ending with the protagonist, Hugh, in jail because at this point the reader acknowledges how hard he worked and how worn and exhausted he was, but before he stole the money, he at least still had his freedom, arguably this could be the moral of the story for the reader. It is difficult to understand why a Quaker came to the jail after Hugh’s death to bury him in a better place than he had been-- not exactly the appropriate fate for a thief. The Quaker character had no depth since she was not in the story until the very end, and it is not easily understood as to what the connection was when she helped Deborah. Perhaps this was the writer’s attempt to create an ending that makes a reader believe there is fortune after working in the iron mills or being part of the working-class; maybe you can be saved after all, but even that argument, is a stretch. If the story had ended with Hugh passing away in jail, it would have been more consistent with the beginning and middle of the story, and more believable. When HughShow MoreRelatedThis essay is an analysis of the story the Life in the Iron Mills by Rebecca Harding Davis.1820 Words   |  8 PagesIn Life in the Iron Mills Rebecca Harding Davis reveals a growing industrial America in the nineteenth century, where an unbelievable level of poverty and limited opportunities of achieving success can cause individuals to take extreme risks to attain a descent lifestyle. Through the novella, Davis illustrates the distinct d ifferences between upper and lower class lifestyles. Immigrant workers, Debora (lovingly called Deb) and Hugh, take the reader to a time when people were used as productionRead MoreEssay On Life In The Iron Mills1314 Words   |  6 Pagesclass can be seen as a general word for groups or group distribution that has become more common. Rebecca Harding Davis’s short story Life in the Iron Mills, together with Raymond Williams’s entry Class delineates the oppressed lower class in a vivid and moving way, exemplifying the impact of social divisions on oppressed working labourers. Davis â€Å"embodies a grim, detailed portrayal of laboring life† (Pistelli 1) with an articulate correlation of Williams’s entry Class, structuring her narrativeRead MoreLiterary Realism Of The Iron Mills And The Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1388 Words   |  6 Pagesthe reader, social injustice may be dealt with. Two examples that use form to reach the end goal of compassion are Rebecca Harding Davis’ Life in the Iron Mills and The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Rebecca Harding Davis’ Life in the Iron Mills uses an embedded narrative to tell the story of Deb and Hugh, and the daily struggles of Deb’s life. Life in the Iron Mills was written in 1861, two years prior to the Emancipation Proclamation. The goal of this story is to feel compassionRead MoreSusan Glaspell s A Jury Of Her Peers And Flannery O Connor s Good Country People Essay1696 Words   |  7 Pagesoppression of women, there is much that can be learned by looking back at problematic situations portrayed by women writers of the 19th and 20th centuries. Out of all of the texts written by women only three will be discussed; Rebecca Harding Davis’s Life in the Iron-Mills, Susan Glaspell’s A Jury of Her Peers and Flannery O’Connor’s Good Country People, in which specific symbols are used as representations of the ways in which women were oppressed and how important it is to study these texts todayRead MoreThe Reception And Influence Of Rebe cca Harding Davis2118 Words   |  9 Pagesthe need to speak out for others, especially the lower classes. However, Rebecca Harding Davis observed the suffering of all humanity and decided to give everyone a voice through her writings. Throughout her career, Davis wrote an innumerable amount of works advocating for equal rights among all people, right up until her death in 1910. The following paper will analyze and discuss the reception and influence that Rebecca Harding Davis’s works of literary realism had on the hierarchy of society, in relationRead MoreFeminism During 19th Century American Short Stories4097 Words   |  17 PagesAmerican Short Stories Research Question: How is feminism revealed through the divergence of women’s roles in society and their own personal desires in the American short stories â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper,† â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† â€Å"The Storm,† and â€Å"Life in the Iron Mills†? Introduction Literature changes as current events change and as the structure of society begins to shift. American feminist literature started to become prevalent during the Victorian era, or around the latter part of the 19th century.Read MoreRealism In Life In The Iron Mills1604 Words   |  7 PagesLife in the Iron Mills is a novella that is hard to classify as a specific genre. The genre that fits the most into this novella is realism, because of the separation of classes, the hard work that a person has to put into their every day life to try and make a difference, and the way society influences the actions of people and their relationships. However, no matter what genre is specifically chosen, there will be other genres present that contradict the genre of choice. While the novella showsRead MoreThe Iron Mill By Rebecca Harding Davis997 Words   |  4 PagesIn Life in the Iron Mills, Rebecca Harding Davis tells the story of Hugh Wolfe, a lower-class man whose love of beauty and desire to move up in the world ultimately leads to his mental decline and demise. Wolfe lives in a town of smothering grey smog and works in an iron mill reminiscent of Hell, places that induce hopelessness and despair by appearance. In contrast to his surroundings, Wolfe possesses a fierce love of beauty and a talent of sculpting with korl, both of which are frequently associatedRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution Of The Iron Mill By Rebecca Harding Davis1070 Words   |  5 PagesThe industrial revolution was a time of invention, progress and opportunity. However, there was also a darker side to it all. Rebecca Harding Davis, author of Life in the Iron Mills, tells the story of ironworker Hugh Wolfe from a first-person narrator’s point of view. This unnamed narrator of an unspecified gender is part of the more privileged class of society. This person resides in the house that the two protagonists of the story, Hugh and Debora Wolfe, used to live in. The higher-ups of thisRead MoreEs say on The Taint of Money in â€Å"Life in the Iron Mills†1653 Words   |  7 PagesRebecca Harding Davis wrote â€Å"Life in the Iron Mills† in the mid-nineteenth century in part to raise awareness about working conditions in industrial mills. With the goal of presenting the reality of the mills’ environment and the lives of the mill workers, Davis employs vivid and concrete descriptions of the mills, the workers’ homes, and the workers themselves. Yet her story’s realism is not objective; Davis has a reformer’s agenda, and her word-pictures are colored accordingly. One theme that

Monitoring Using Perception-Based Measures Free Essay Example, 2250 words

The athletes can use the feedback from training loads for future training motivation. Several methods can be used for training load monitoring, but the best method recommended is the ratio of perceived exertion method. This method is used to quantify a load of training since it is simple to use, easily understood and easy to put into implementation (Borg 1982). Several studies have confirmed the validity of using ratings of perceived exertion for measuring the intensity of activity not only for those adults who are healthy but also for children and other clinical populations. Previous research also shows an existing relationship between ratings of perceived exertion and other physiological variables such as heart rate (Minganti et al. 2010). RPE (rating of perceived exertion) is the commonest methods used in the assessment of internal load monitoring. The use of rating perceived exertion (RPE) is based on the notion that athletes do monitor their physiological stress during activity as well as providing vital information retrospectively regarding their perceived effort post-competition or training. Strong evidence does suggest that rating perceived exertion do correlate well with the hate rate during a period of steady-state activity and high-intensity cyclical training interval. We will write a custom essay sample on Monitoring Using Perception-Based Measures or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page 2012). The perceived exertion is considered how hard an individual s body feel while working. It is based on the physical feeling being experienced by an individual during physical exercise including the performance of physical exercise such as increased rate of breathing, increased perspiration, muscle fatigue, increased heart rate.

Citizenship the inderviduals and society Free Essays

Some differences within equality include: Age Disabilities Gender Gender reassignment Sexual orientation Marriage and civil partnership Pregnancy or maternity Race Religious beliefs There is now a variety or legislations in place in order to make sure people re employed or in some cases not, purely on worth and qualifications and not because of their age, gender or race. Despite these being in place there is still significant inequalities, some examples of this would be: The importance of equal opportunities in society Unemployment in ethnic minority communities is, on average, twice the rate in white communities and members of ethnic minority groups find it twice as hard as white people to secure jobs. – Black and Asian people are 16% more likely than white people to be highly qualified, but highly qualified black and Asian people are more than twice as likely to be unemployed as white people. We will write a custom essay sample on Citizenship the inderviduals and society or any similar topic only for you Order Now Black and Asian people are 16% more likely than white people to be highly qualified, but highly qualified black and Asian people are more than twice as likely to be unemployed as white people. There are thousands of cases every year and many are not reported. Woman, despite the passing of the sex discrimination laws almost 30 years ago, hold fewer than of the most senior jobs in public life. % of the country’s top business leaders and national newspaper editors are women. But women account for 45% of the workforce and 30% of managers. The public sector is a leader in the area of equal opportunities and they expect their public services to lead from the front. The public services are encouraging the elimination of discrimination within the services. Then to promote good relations in local community and to ensure their workforce reflects this. It is also important for the public services to recognize that different backgrounds and cultures and that this will affect what they need from them as a service. The importance Of equal opportunities in the public services # The public services have a legal and moral responsibility to eliminate discrimination within the service and to remote good relations between them and the population in its local community. The public services should ensure their workforce reflects the communities it services. It is important that the public services understand that the public have different backgrounds that affect what they need from them. UP: Illustrate how equal opportunities are enforced in the UK with reference appropriate legislation The equality act was enforced in October of 201 0, this new equality act replaces all previous legislations, in a single law making it easier to understand and strengthens prevention of discrimination. It also helps by setting out the different ways in which it’s unlawful to treat someone. The Equality Act 2010 covers nine protected characteristics, making it unlawful to discriminate on the grounds of: Age Disability Gender reassignments Pregnancy and maternity Religion or belief The act covers the fields of: Employment Facilities Goods and services Admission and treatment of students Most sign efficiently the extension of the public sector duty to promote equality of opportunities. Human rights act 1998 Your human rights are: 1. The right to life 2. Freedom from torched and degrading treatment 3. Freedom from slavery and forced labor 4. The right to liberty 5. The right to a fair trial 6. The right not to be punished for something that wasn’t a crime when you did it 7. The right to respect for privet and family life 8. Freedom of thought, concise and religion, and freedom to express your beliefs 9. Freedom of expression 10. Freedom of assembly and association 11. The right to marry and to start a family 12. The right not to be discriminated against in respect Of these rights and freedoms 13. The right to peaceful enjoyment of your property 14. The right to an education 15. The right to participate in free elections 6. The right not to be subject to the death penalty The Equality Act 201 0 The Equality Act 201 0 simplifies the current laws on discrimination and unfair treatment and puts them together in one piece of legislation. The Equality Act 201 0 covers nine protected characteristics, making it unlawful to discriminate on the grounds of: 1. Age 2. Disability 3. Gender reassignments 4. Marriage and civil partnership 5. Pregnancy and maternity 6. 7. Religion or belief 8. Gender 9. Sexual orientation Most significantly the extension of the public sector duty to promote equality of opportunities. The freedom of information act 2000 Personal information – you are entitled to see information held about you. Official information – you are entitled to request official information held by public authorities, including government departments, local authorities, hospitals, schools and police forces. Public sector equality duty, the general duty: The new public sector equality duty is expected to cover all of the protected characteristics apart from marriage and civil partnership and will require public sector bodies to have due to regard to the need to: Eliminate unlawful discrimination, harassment and visitation Advance equality of opportunities between different age groups; and Foster good relations between different groups Public sector equality duties, the specific duties public bodies are required to: Be open to how they have engaged with people as part of their work towards fulfilling the aims of the equal duty Demonstrate how the impact on equality has been assessed in the design if key policies and service delivery initiatives Proactively consider the equality requirements of every contract they tender The specific Duties public bodies are required to: Develop and publish equality objectives how they intend to achieve them (to e renewed at least every areas) publish a ra nge Of equality data relating to their workforce and the service they provide on an annual basis Need to public their gender pay gap figures and their employment rates for black and minority ethnic staff and disabled staff on an annual basis UP: Explain the different ways in which public services have supported society Some examples of the public services as employers supporting equal opportunities are: Creating coherent race equality and diversity policies across the service this shows that the public services have got clear rules of what they will and ill not stand for within equality and racism. They also have a no tolerance approach to bullying within the work place and support groups for people of different backgrounds and beliefs. Have selection processes designed to include not exclude – this includes having recruitment adverts to appeal to all, not to exclude different types of people. They have also got to be seen as setting an example for other employers and therefore have to have a noticeable variety in they people thy employ. Individual religious beliefs can be catered for, for example Sikh men can wear turbans as part of their inform, and Muslim women can wear hajjis and ankle length gowns while on duty – this shows that the services are willing to adapt to meet the needs of people. They also allow time off to attend religious festivals and days can be granted. There are also provisions prayer rooms and special diets. Ensuring premises are accessible to people with different disabilities and provision is made for people with hearing or sight disabilities – this includes having wheelchair ramps and automatic doors, for disabled accesses. As well as having the appropriate measures in place for people with disabilities such as sight or hearing. Although these are just a few examples of the wide range of things that this act covers, and all of these examples are supported by the 201 0 equality act, in addition they support equal opportunities. How have the public services helped society? Are service – the fire service help society by acting as a first response during accident and emergencies, some examples of these would be Art’s or house fires. The fire service also helps to educate people about fire and safety; they achieve this by going into local schools and businesses they also go to public areas and give out fire alarms. Police force ; The police force help society in a rarity of ways depending on different things, for example location, although the typical responsibilities include keeping the peace, law enforcement, and investigation of crime. Navy – The role of the navy is to help society by protecting the country by controlling and protects the seas this is so that a country can use them for economic growth; they also work as a support network for the military, and are also there to help to protect power, using marine forces. UP: Demonstrate the different ways in which public services have affected society Statutory and non-statutory public services can have a age impact within society and on one another, some examples of these include: Community support, this could be doing things like education for schools or some more challenging tasks Acting as a force group to encourage change They can also campaign for increased resources and therefore support the community better, although people think that this should not be the role of the services Influence and to encourage the government to change or bring in new laws Give the government advice about social issues such as knife crime Support and campaign issues that people may not otherwise be aware of The media A collective term for the ways in which both Statutory and non-statutory service communicate information this is made up of types of communication such as the newspaper, television, radio, internet/ social networking, books, journal articles and service magazines. Public services used media in many different ways like appealing for information, safety warnings, improving their public image. Also the way that the media portray the services affects this too as if they focus more on negatives such as deaths in custody then this may cause some resentment and anger towards them. How to cite Citizenship the inderviduals and society, Papers

Marketing Strategy and Plan General Ethic Report

Question: Describe about the Marketing Strategy and Plan for General Ethic Report. Answer: Introduction: The organization selected for the report is General Electric owing to its association with a wide assortment of business units. The capability of the organization to span its operations across various business units could be considered as an attribute of the organizations lifetime which has been experienced since its establishment in 1892 (Agrawal, 2013). The organization was formed as a result of the merger between Edison General Electric Company and Thomson-Houston Electric Company and went on to become one of the leading companies in the field of electric devices. The organization is estimated to be associated with healthcare, power and water, capital, aviation and oil and gas as per recent reports and hence the varying service portfolios of the organization could be apprehended easily. Other necessary measures which could be observed with respect to General Electric include research on distinct business units included within the organization (Agrawal, 2013). Corporation Identification The different business units which are observed in the case of General Electric could be realized in the association of the units with the varying implications of financial services, life sciences, and software development, pharmaceutical, engineering and automotive industries. The dependence of the various industries on the General Electric Company could be reflected in the products facilitated by the Oil and Gas, Transportation, power and water and Healthcare ventures of the organization. The distinct business units are responsible for diversity in the products of the organization which include oil, electrical distribution and appliances, finance, wind turbines, lighting, energy and healthcare (Alter, 2015). The company is responsible for a massive and diverse workforce alongside infrastructure which proves to be a major highlight for the organization to realize the potential for research involving individual business units. This would help in identification of the profitable busin ess units alongside the revenue acquired from specific units which presents a clear impression of the performance of individual business units within the organization (Bng Roos, 2014). Sustainable competitive advantage: The source for sustainable competitive advantage is realized in the ability of an organization to realize different aspects of long term objectives. The resources of an organization or the capabilities as observed in case of companies like General Electric could be accountable for realization of sustainable competitive advantage only in case of the organizations ability to collate the processes such as resource allocation or workforce management. The investment of resources in profitable business units could seem to be a reasonable choice in the present scenario (Contreras, 2014). However, the scope of sustainability is realized only in the apprehension of prospects for long term survival in the domain of a dynamic and complex market environment. The diversification of an organization could be perceived as the outcome of the source for motivation (Fifield, 2012). The diversification of the organizations product and service portfolio could result in association with other significant business entities which are able to represent considerable returns for the organizations investment. Competitive advantage and its integration with sustainability have to be achieved through cognizable opportunities such as investments in sustainable products such as energy and water as well as healthcare. However, the implications of resource depletion and the causes for environmental concerns could lead to possible pitfalls for sustainable competitive advantage of the organization. The factors which are considered as profoundly responsible for inducing sustainable competitive advantage include assets, inimitability, endurance and branding. These factors should be cumulatively applied to the organizational framework, thereby establishing a profound demarcation from competitors (Foxall, 2014). The systems of a company must be dependent on sustainability and assets refer to capital and foundational assets. The impact of technical assets is also considered essential for the development of cost-effective operations which are capable of facilitating prolific revenues to the company on i ts investments. The strategies implemented by an organization must be capable of maintaining a certain degree of uniqueness. The brand building of an organization is also considered as a profound implication for sustainable competitive advantage since customers stay associated with a brand only due to its promotion and marketing initiatives (Griffith Hoppner, 2013). Endurance of competitive advantage is also a vital attribute for ensuring that customers could avail appropriate value proposition in the products facilitated by an organization. The provision of improved value on the products and services could account for a substantial increase in the sustainability of competitive advantage of an organization. Revenue centers: The revenue center of an organization could be defined as a financially profitable department which relies on the sale of services and products. The revenue centers which could be identified in case of General Electric include the individual subsidiaries such as GE Transportation, GE Healthcare, GE Capital, GE Oil and Gas, GE Home and Business Solutions, GE Global research and GE Energy (Hollensen, 2015). The organization has diversified in its operations over the years which have led to the realization of multiple revenue centers in the subsidiaries. The revenues earned from the different subsidiaries could be highlighted as follows in a table. Business Unit Revenue (US $) GE Aviation 16.35 billion GE Oil and Gas 16.5 billion GE Energy 37.1 billion GE Transportation 5.88 billion GE healthcare 14.85 billion The above table describes the product line which is earning maximum revenues for the General Electric Company include Energy, Aviation, Oil and Gas followed by Healthcare. The capabilities of the organization in terms of realizing the sustainable aspects of competitive advantage could be augmented only through the application of strategies cumulatively for the profitable business units (Kotler et al., 2015). The emphasis on identification of revenue centers could thus be validated in case of a diversification strategy of an organization as observed in the case of General Electric Company. Diversification of General Electric: Related constrained diversification strategy could be apprehended carefully from the economies of scope which could be established from the savings on costs and the translation of competencies and capabilities in varying contexts of different businesses. Transferring skills or sharing activities could also be observed as the impact of diversification as per the references noted in popular literature (Morgan, Katsikeas Vorhies, 2012). Furthermore, the advantage of related constrained diversification could be observed in the acquisition of revenues from the dominant business which comprises of less than 70% of the total revenue (Morgan, Katsikeas Vorhies, 2012). Pestle Analysis Of General Electric PEST analysis is an important mechanism that understands the growing, operating direction, potential, business position, decline and other market strategy for operations (Kotler, 1998). To analyze the environment of General Electric Company (GE) in a macro scale, it needs dealing with various technological, economic, social-cultural and political aspects thereby making it clear the allocation of resources and planning facility for maintaining its profit and productivity. Political GE deals with the political system presenting to the beneficial environment for business growth over critical situation in international market. Since United States internal revenue requires the companys authority for submitting return taxation for the annual period on 15th April (Dibb Lyndon, 2004). This system also includes the government structures, taxes, industry-specific regulations, elections, and legal and regulatory, etc. Economic Money value, exchange rates and interest rates have a tangential operation and effect activities of GE because of fluctuations. This effect for economic distortion at global crisis shows a continually decrease in sale; main cause being the banks lending rates. The capital finance shows the losses to turn a downfall triggering the business recession which sank below $5 (McDONALD M.A.L.C.O.L.M., 2016). Social-Culture Socio culture has largely extended the influences to GE where social set-ups, religion, culture and norms determine the conduct process in environmental projections. GE sets apart itself pointing to its cultural activities by delivering learning opportunities and bulking unique innovative solutions in world business. (Jack Welch retired CEO of GE). Technology GE sets its high end objective in changing the life forms to gain new technologies and ideas. It has the high rate of technology advancement and ensures an updated source to electric vehicle, energy management, utility security, energy storage for a way ahead for smarter power grid (Andrew, 2010). Environment GE takes into involvement to various industries of gas and oil investing around billions and dollars for improving the drilling and fracking so as to protect the environment. Legal GE gets involved into 120 various countries and infuses the compliances as per the aspects concerning over businesses, it also helps maintaining this level as it deals with international and national businesses. General Electric Swot Analysis Strengths GE stands as a multinational company and stands as the persisting globally recognized because of its excellent products and services showing a competitive advantage position through generation of equipment. Its excellent management style drives business operation helping to increase productivity at a higher level of accountability and efficiency (Parente Strausbaugh, 2014). Other main expansion is through its diversified lines of operation and taking ventures initiatives over environment responsible (Mullin, Hardy Sutton, 2014). Weaknesses Since GE is a diversified company but is affected because of overload diversification. Therefore, this over stretching mechanism leads to slowing down of decision making algorithm thus leading to lack of attention issue and managing defect to case for numerous business units. Opportunities GE has achieved a competitive edge to intense research and development. It also ensures the innovative product production line for meeting the demanding current customers showing the immense opportunities at improving competitive advantage. Threats Large business units of GE show a threatening effect to incite competition. GE gets involved in the production technique result that withheld aroused out of undone product improving. Other serious outcomes are the information security and media that victimise bringing to lot criticism and loss of investors (Morgan, Katsikeas Vorhies, 2012). Merger, Acquisition And Downsize Mergers, Acquisition and Downsizing are the three important aspects of the organization which are having the impact of the sustainability of the organization. These processes of the organization like General Electric occur in case of expansion of the organization along with their operations in association with the competitive advantage. But in any cases while taking the human resource issues into consideration there occur many types of failure in the merger and acquisition issues (Mullin, Hardy Sutton, 2014). This report has been prepared to make the highlights regarding the issues of human resource along with the financial issues which will take the organizational process forward to have its successful position in the global market. The process of the merger and acquisition always leads to the process of downsizing in the company as occurred in the General Electric. The merger must be beneficial to the organization in which the management must continue to figure out the required information in the process. In this figure there will have the preview that will basically make the expectations of the job which will make the employees to have the realistic demands of the jobs. This process of the merger and acquisition causes the downsizing of the employees that will alleviate the process of reducing rumors that will eventually make the allowance of the employees in the process of business (Griffith Hoppner, 2013). This process of merger and acquisition is the easiest yet the tough process for the restructuring of the business according the global market. In this process after the merger and acquisition following the downsize process, there will have the management of the employees having the averse to change accord ing to the environment. The merging and acquisition will have the neglecting of the psychological issues of the employees along with the inadequate communication for the merging with the culture clashes with two organizations. With this process there will have the unclear roles and responsibilities with having the direction of the company in an ambiguous manner (Foxall, 2014). Furthermore it is also evident that the employees of the General Electric get their different types of reactions. Conclusion With having the influence of a number of factors affecting the process of merger and acquisition and downsizing, the market in which the organization like General Electric is acting upon can be said to be as the primary force to act upon. The market size and condition is the main recommended factors to be studied while going through the mergers and acquisitions. For this reason the company General Electric is having the some instances of recession in the process where there is the downsizing of the employees. This downsizing process will eventually decrease in the process of improvement in the economy that will create a lay out of the potential changes in this process (Fifield, 2012). Various studies have been carried in support of the scenario which has given the exact theoretical definition of the process of merger, acquisition and downsize of the organization like General Electric. Merger is the process of dealing of unison of two companies into a particular company. In the same w ay the acquisition is the process of having the process of action in the corporate sector to take the ownership stakes to have control over another firm or company (Contreras, 2014). The process of downsize is having the reduction of the employees that will have going on in an operating payroll system. All the three are having the inter relation with each other providing a restructure of the organization. References Agrawal, A.D., 2013. Green Marketing: Sustainable Marketing Strategy.Indira Management Review,17. Alter, S., 2015. Fight on! Quarterbacking your marketing strategy.Journal of Property Management,80(3), pp.14-15. Bng, A. and Roos, C., 2014. Digital Marketing Strategy. Berthon, P.R., Pitt, L.F., Plangger, K. and Shapiro, D., 2012. Marketing meets Web 2.0, social media, and creative consumers: Implications for international marketing strategy.Business horizons,55(3), pp.261-271. Contreras, C., 2014. MKT 376 Sec 1 Global Marketing Strategy. Fifield, P., 2012.Marketing strategy. Routledge. Foxall, G., 2014.Corporate Innovation (RLE Marketing): Marketing and Strategy. Routledge. Griffith, D.A. and Hoppner, J.J., 2013. Global marketing managers: Improving global marketing strategy through soft skill development.International Marketing Review,30(1), pp.21-41. Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Kotler, P., Burton, S., Deans, K., Brown, L. and Armstrong, G., 2015.Marketing. Pearson Higher Education AU. Morgan, N.A., Katsikeas, C.S. and Vorhies, D.W., 2012. Export marketing strategy implementation, export marketing capabilities, and export venture performance.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,40(2), pp.271-289. Mullin, B.J., Hardy, S. and Sutton, W., 2014.Sport Marketing 4th Edition. Human Kinetics. Mcdonald, M.A.L.C.O.L.M., 2016. 5 Strategic marketing planning.The marketing book, p.86. Parente, D. and Strausbaugh-Hutchinson, K., 2014.Advertising campaign strategy: A guide to marketing communication plans. Cengage Learning.

Totalitarian Government Essays - Social Science Fiction,

Totalitarian Government "Those who would trade their liberties for a little safety deserve neither liberty nor safety". That quote by Benjamin Franklin described mindset that leads to totalitarian government. The British novelist, George Orwell is known for his chilling governmental satire. Animal Farm, his other well-known novel is a look into the past, his novel 1984 was a eerie prophecy into the not so distant future. This view of a negative Utopia has become so well known that people who believe in his theory are called Orwellian. But do we exist in a manner similar to the prophecy of the world in which he claimed to be what life would be like in 1984? The answer is No, but in just a few years we could. Ironically one of the greatest differences in our society and the society of Orwell, is that in 1984, the gene which leads to sex has been suppressed. For In our society promiscuity and suggestiveness have gotten maybe not more common but certainly more public. When Orwell published 1984, this seemed to be a logical conclusion that such an event might happen. For in the Post- World War II, generation sex was expressly hidden. For example on television the Rock musician Elvis Presley was not shown below the hips because it was considered far too suggestive. In this aspect Our Society more resembles the other most famous novel of a negative utopia, Aldous Huxley's Brave New World. However we do share some similarities. Part of the power base in 1984 has its power exclusively through the deception of the people. Winston for example accepts the"fact" that two plus two does in fact equal five. As we know, two plus two equals four. The most important way in which we can prevent turnining into an Orwellian society is to not be able to be misled. To prevent the society of which we live from becoming Orwellian we must stave off apathy. For it is a slippery slope and if we take the first step down it we could live in an Orwellian totalitarian state. Closing, we do not as of today live in the society, which Orwell predicted. We still maintain a level of personal freedom in the United States greater than that described in 1984. However other nations of this world, the Peoples Republic of China comes to mind, where they live in a semi-Orwellian world. Even though we tend to say "it can't happen here", it can. That's what they would have said in Germany in the twenties or Russia in the Pre-World War One era. It can happen here and it shall if we do not remember the lesson of the American President Thomas Jefferson "The Price of liberty is Eternal Vigilance".

The Role of Fear and Obsession on Gothic Literature Essays

The Role of Fear and Obsession on Gothic Literature Essays The Role of Fear and Obsession on Gothic Literature Paper The Role of Fear and Obsession on Gothic Literature Paper Essay Topic: Literature The Picture of Dorian Gray Gothicism itself is a branch of Romanticism, which twists the idea of feeling into slightly more morbid and macabre emotions of fear and a dead, twisted and medieval past as well as losing the early Romantic sense of a moral purpose. The quotation above, taken from Oscar Wildes novel The Picture of Dorian Gray, introduces some of the key ideas which seem to run prevalently throughout Gothic works of fiction and art. It seems undeniable that influence and obsession are able to create, manipulate and dominate the emotions of fear and dread which often characterise the Gothic. Edmund Burke stated that: No passion so effectually robs the minds of all its powers of acting and reasoning as fear. It seems that within the development of the Gothic, fear plays a ubiquitous role. Influence can be prevalent in inciting fear, the influence of a figure or an atmosphere and other less tangible elements of the work can be key factors which hold a certain influence over the individual. However, fear in itself is often seen to present its own influence and it is this tantalizing inexplicable mystery of fear which so often develops and envelopes a character with obsession to retain truth and logic. Within Susan Hills novel, The Woman in Black, the main character Arthur Kipps demonstrates an obvious fear of the woman in black and the supernatural elements of her presence and appearance suffering from some terrible wasting disease only the thinnest layer of flesh was tautly stretched and strained across her bones- are certainly expressed vividly throughout and contribute largely to the influence which she increasingly has on not only Kipps but also the villagers. The use of heavy adjectival phrases in describing the woman, the idea of deepest black, the woman described as pathetically wasted pale and gaunt with disease and the alliterative skin stretched and strained, give an initially comprehensive description of the woman which not only creates fear but also develops it steadily and makes it feel ubiquitous and unavoidable, as though every element of her is grotesque. Within the pre-1948 setting of the novel the idea of wasting, particularly referring to Tuberculosis, would have had a particularly chilling effect as the disease would have been the cause of many deaths and, before the introduction of the NHS, the lack of readily available health care would have made the disease a constant source of fear. However, it could also be argued that it is not only the descriptions of the woman which perpetuate a sense of fear and influence both the characters and the reader, indeed Hills descriptions of the woman are often significantly sparse. It seems within this text that the influence of fear is born from the idea of the mysterious and the unexplored rather than the grotesque and it is the influence of the unknown which shapes fear and creates a sense of the Gothic. The idea of a local and tightly-knit community who all share and perpetuate a sense of secrecy links strongly with the idea of this as a Gothic text Hill here uses the idea of isolation and unfamiliarity to enhance the idea that Kipps is an outsider and to create the mystery and silence which only fuels the influence of fear upon him: Mr Jerome stopped dead. He was staring at me Mr. Jerome looked frozen, pale, his throat moving as if he were unable to utter. Mr Jeromes reaction as well as the hotel landlords the name had stirred some strong emotion in him, all signs of which he endeavoured to suppress at once, are representative of the general reaction towards not only the woman but anything associated with her and so clearly another manifestation of her influence over them. This idea of fear being sparked and fuelled by a sense of mystery is certainly reflected within Wordsworths poem, The Thorn. Within this poem, from his collection of Lyrical Ballads, strong links can be made with The Woman in Black. The woman within the poem, Martha Ray, is a figure to be feared in the same way as the woman in black not as a result of her as a character but of the mysteries which envelope her. The whole poem is presented as a narrators account of what he has seen and the rumours which he has heard about a woman in a scarlet cloak. Wordsworth exacerbates the sense of fear for the woman by presenting his evidence in a haphazard and hearsay-like manner, some say is said, whilst steadily reinforcing the mystery with a sense of foreboding and subtle allusions such as the fact that the heap of earth is like an infants grave in size as well as the anaphoric use of the womans mysterious misery Oh woe is me! Oh misery! . Michael Kirkham states that the mystery comes from the fact that the narrator is unable to tell us whether the child was stillborn or was murdered1, Whilst Albert Gi rard, discussi ng why we are left in doubt, quotes a sentence from J. F. Danby, There is in the poem the possibility of a betrayed mother murdering her child, and adds, but the point, surely, is that it is never more than a possibility. 2 It seems key to the development of the story within the poem that the reader is made to feel the same sense of mystery that the narrator claims to feel. These slight allusions to wider and more traditionally fearful elements of the works are strongest when discussing the element of childhood and child mortality. The continued association which the woman has with death throughout The Woman in Black, too, obviously contributes largely to her mystery and the fear of her and is reinforced by the allusions to childhood mortality and the final revelation that witnessing her causes children to die- And whenever she has been seen in some violent or dreadful circumstance, a child has died. Again this can be seen within The Thorn as the references to a possible infants death create an initial unease which reaches a climax with some will say she hanged her baby on the tree, some say she drowned it in the pond. The delivery of this revelation, in a blank and unashamedly horrific fashion certainly shocks a reader and gives the cold feeling of dread which is so often identified as an element of Gothicism however, it seems that this only occurs as a result of the steady influence of mysterious and unexplored fear which Wordsworth has continually built upon. The idea of death amongst children would have been an extremely poignant and harshly relevant one contemporaneously where fears of childbirth itself and infancy were elevated. Our baby so had been thrown clear, clear against another tree. He lay crumpled on the grass below it, dead. Again the harsh brevity and impersonal nature of these words seem to give a stark poignancy and factual element to the death of Kipps baby within Susan Hills novel; it seems as though the woman and death are inevitably interlinked and it is this inevitability which serves to enhance the dread of her character. Fear itself as well as the influence which fear can have is also one of the key themes of Oscar Wildes novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray. Within The Picture of Dorian Gray, the portrait, an obvious anthropomorphised motif for sin and shame, is the source of fear to Dorian and it is the power of this fear which on several occasions exerts strong influences upon him. The idea of this novel as immoral would particularly be a reference to its direct challenge to Victorian morals and values of family, sexual restraint and strict social code of conduct which were propagated at the time. Certainly at the time of publication the book was labelled evil, whilst the Scots Observer wrote that Mr. Wilde has again been writing stuff that were better unwritten3. This quotation perhaps also demonstrates the fear of others towards the influence which Wilde himself may have held. It is not just the fear of being discovered which eats away at Dorian but the fear of himself and what he is capable of it was the living death of his own soul that troubled him. Dorians panicked self-promises to revert to an acceptable lifestyle and vain attempts to atone for his sins, though futile, are all obviously influenced by his portrait: One thing, however, he felt that it had done for him. It had made him conscious how unjust, how cruel, he had been to Sibyl Vane he portrait would be a guide to him through life, I have done too many dreadful things in life. I am not going to do any more. However, far from this fear acting as a constant reminder of morality, the fear also wields a strongly negative influence through the extreme excitement and passion of sin. This effectively reflects the nature of the mysterious fear within The Woman in Black and The Thorn a s fear itself is perhaps the greatest mystery and so the excitement for Dorian Gray lies in testing and breaking the mysteries of sin and debauchery, all characteristic elements of the Gothic. The link between influence and obsession within The Picture of Dorian Gray is strong; it can easily be seen that obsession is merely the product of strong influence, the degradation into the fervent compulsion of obsession from unavoidable influence He grew more and more enamoured of his own beauty, more and more interested in the corruption of his own soul The more he knew, the more he desired to know. He had mad hungers that grew more ravenous as he fed them. This influence is seen largely within Dorians own fear rather than the hideousness of the portrait. This path from influence upon a character to their obsession can also be seen within The Woman in Black where the influence of the fear upon Arthur Kipps develops into his obsession with delving into and uncovering the mystery: the woman in black affected us both as deeply as any other experience we had undergone in our lives I must face it out Such things one must face. And even as I spoke I felt a new determination arise within me I had fallen under some sort of spell of the kind that certain places exude and it drew me, my imaginings, my longings, my curiosity, my whole spirit . Aside from the influence which fear itself can present, within these three texts and indeed many other texts which present elements of the Gothic, the influential and obsessive power of the supernatural can be seen. Supernatural ideas, particularly commencing with those found in an orthodox theology, came strongly into conflict with the rationalism and idealism of the Enlightenment and the Age of Reason which had begun to take hold by 1688 and continued into around 1789. Gothicism, following from the Romantic, was born when seizing this challenge of the cold reality of enlightenment and, seeking feeling amidst the inartistic reason, twisted these feelings into extremes of fear, weirdness and grotesqueness. The friction with the new schools of thought caused disillusionment and discord and in the midst of the disagreement, Gothicism adopted elements of the Supernatural as both a reaction to the new ideals and due to the stretched extremes and inherent impossibility of the supernatural. The Picture of Dorian Gray deals strongly with the element of supernaturalism with Wildes interpretation of Marlowe and Goethes Faust myth via the changing portrait. This notion of a deal with the devil is, however, stretched in Wildes novel to present the obsessive influence of sin rather than just the uselessness of power. The portrait, changing to display Dorians sins and ages whilst he remains unchanged, seems to present an almost paradoxical influence over Dorian; whilst Dorians actions clearly influence the aesthetics of the picture, making it the misshapen shadow that had to bear the burden that should have been his own, the pictures horrid nature influences Dorians actions. It can be seen that the picture renders him sometimes good: it was watching him e would not sin and sometimes, through the mere obsessive nature of sin and lust, damning him: he grew more and more enamoured of the corruption of his own soul he had mad hungers that grew more ravenous as he fed them, an uncontrollable feeling of hatred suggested to him by the image. It could be viewed that this paradox between the influence between Dorian and the portrait reflects that in fact influence, far from being something supernatural and beyond control, has more of a sub-conscious and human factor in which we create and control our own i nfluences. Similarly The Woman in Black presents strong elements of the supernatural; the woman herself clearly has a ghostly influence over Mr. Kipps. It seems that the fact that she is a ghost, aside from the aforementioned appearance and attire, renders her influential and fearful. However there are other elements of the woman which make her so strongly influential over Arthur Kipps, the villagers and indeed the reader. Contextually, the notion of this woman would indeed have been something which was a source of great fear for many. The idea of a lone woman would have been unacceptable in this Victorian situation and could certainly have also created allusions to witchcraft and other ideas which challenge a strong morality of not only traditional family values but also the subservience of woman and the notion of them as the possession of a man, to be kept in check, whilst also presenting the mystery of the unknown. In addition to this, the woman herself has been viewed by several critics, such as Val Scullion, as the feminist protagonist of the novel. This reading presents the notion that the woman is fearful and influential through her obvious hideousness and difference but also because she is a woman. The contention is that Hills novel challenges the prevalent anxieties about motherhood and autonomy during the period when the idea of family itself was a difficult notion. The protagonist of the novel, the eponymous woman in black, resists the lot of the so-called fallen woman. In her spectral form, she repeatedly inflicts suffering on other families and children to avenge her own; her revenge and lack of compassion is unbound by time or place whilst her ghost is never laid to rest. The lack of restoration in the final pages could reflect her struggle and the limitlessness of the pain which she will cause. This view, held by Scullion, contends that the woman is fearful because she exists against the idea that a woman should be restrained and controlled. However, it seems more likely that the presentation of the woman in this way, as unruly and vengeful, is to enhance the fear rather than to play a more feminist role. It seems within these texts that a sense of Gothic, with regard to the influence and obsession of the characters, comes not so much from the conventional fear of the supernatural and the mystical but more from a human sense of emotion and instinct and things over which man has control. It is perhaps the cold reality and bluntness of possible sin, such as the murder of Basil Hallward within The Picture of Dorian Gray, which is far more chilling and fearful than anything other-worldly and unnatural. Wildes presentation of the murder, and Dorians feelings after, certainly create a strongly Gothic atmosphere yet without the expected darkness of a truly Gothic atmosphere. The sky was bright, and there was a genial warmth in the air the events of the preceding night crept with silent blood-stained feet into his brain, it seems that the notion of humanity and the obsession which drives us, has a more powerfully chilling influence than the strictly supernatural and weird. It is as though the element of possibility and familiarity of humanity is what creates the fear rather than something wildly improbable; fear is born from a twisted reality rather than an unimaginable wildness. The curious influence which Lord Henry himself has over Dorian, far from being supernatural, is still chilling and as effective at creating a sense of obsession and influence as the ghostly woman in black is within Hills novel. This influence and Henrys awareness of it there was something terribly enthralling in the exercise of influence is made more chilling to the reader because of its clearly degrading effect combined with Dorians naivety towards it: you are certainly my best friend, Harry, no-one has ever understood me as you have. Words from The Heart of Darkness by Conrad, another novel presenting the strongly horrific nature of man himself, seem appropriate: Look at the influence that men must have s it not frightful Porphyrias Lover, a poem by Robert Browning which presents strong elements of the Gothic, seems to do so too, not because it deals with elements of the spiritual and supernatural but, because it deals so shockingly with human passions and emotions, such as Dorians own or Henrys influence, which are certainly very possible and largely an element of humanity. The poem itself professes that passion will prevail, and it is chillingly Gothic that this murder has taken place not through the influence of a ghostly being or a portrait or indeed a decadent sense of medieval myth as in Keats St. Agnes Eve, but the plain obsession and influence of humanity and emotion. The obsession within this poem and the pure madness of Porphyrias lover, expecting God to interfere and say something And yet God has not said a word -, is dramatically heightened by the childlike simplicity of the rhyme; Rhythm mimics natural speech and the rhyme follows a conventional and standard ABABB pattern, this simplicity is demonstrated in the lines below. The symmetry of the rhyme and the ease and natural nature of the rhythm seem to reflect the madness within Porphyrias lover despite his reposed and calm fai de: surprise made my heart swell, and still it grew. The madness of the man is what has influenced his action yet it was also the perfection of the scene and the obsession with Porphyria and her love she was mine, mine, fair I strangled her . This obsession, a perfectly human one, yet insane, is what is most chilling about Brownings poem and indeed strongly reflects the sense of human influence within The Picture of Dorian Gray. Overall it is clear that influence, and the natural development of it into obsession, is a key feature which defines and creates the Gothic. Influence can abound in many forms within Gothic texts such as the natural influence of fear itself upon the victim and the unnatural fear of something supernatural; however, that which seems to create the element of spine-tingling and Gothic is bred mainly in something far more base and real than ghosts or curses. It is the possible which shocks and chills more than the unreal. In the same way that a terrible thought or feeling can be far more fearful than the unimaginable presence of something as otherworldly and unlikely as a curse, so too is Gothic literature defined by the baseness and instinct of humanity. Within these texts, particularly Porphyrias Lover, man himself, has more power in shaping his obsessions than would ordinarily be thought and the fact that emotions, thoughts and feelings can become so twisted and amoral is more greatly unsettling than anything incomprehensible. Human degradation is a cold reality and one which many strive to cover up yet when the mysteries of the human psyche are uncovered, perhaps because of a fearful obsession, the chilling nature of man is overturned.

Market Failure Resarch Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Market Failure Resarch - Research Paper Example It is the duty of the government to intervene and make sure that prices set are not discriminative. Government intervention in the price mechanism is largely based on aims of wanting to alter or change the allocation of resources and attain what they think to be an improvement social and economic welfare. Therefore, government intervenes in the economy with the aim of influencing the allocation of scarce resources on the market among competing consumers. The government formulates policy intervention with the aims to improve the performance of the economy, attain more equitable distribution of income, and correct market failure. There are various alternatives in which the government can use to intervene in market. For instance, government legislation and regulation whereby it passes laws that prohibit the sale of certain goods such as cigarettes to people under the age of eighteen. Furthermore, competition laws works against cartels that are used to price fixing. In addition, it can use fiscal policy intervention to alter the level of demand for distinct products in the market. Government intervention has always created inequity in society in that certain groups gain more than the others do. For instance, it is equitable for the government to provide educational maintenance allowances for 16-18 children from low-income households for them to stay in school after GCSE. It is vital to note that government intervention in the market will never be neutral. For instance, financial support offered by the State to specific producers rather than others creates unequal society in that there are winners and

The image of hip hop Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The image of hip hop - Essay Example Born during the 70’s and still going strong after thirty years, Hip Hop is here to stay. Slowly and steadily, Hip Hop has gained acceptance and now is followed by the youngsters all over the world. However, the question is not of the staying power, but the morality of the Hip Hop. How does it affect the society as a whole? Hip Hop culture, in itself, is not good or bad. How the artist and the audience uses it, makes it good or bad. The choice is our responsibility. Hip Hop is an example of good effort gone wrong. It started as a way of expression and ended up being a victim of consumerism. It eventually got identified with anti-social elements. The image was tarnished. This is Eminem singing about his life. And in the same song his friend tells him not to get violent but to try to understand the other’s explanation. You can imagine these lyrics in different scenario. Imagine you are a man with an agonized, abused and traumatic childhood as was Eminem’s. The difference is, you are from a very educated, sophisticated, high society and wealthy family. What will you do? You will go to a psychoanalyst, sleep on his couch and say the same things that Eminem is saying through his songs. The difference is upbringing, the class and the background that you have. So the hip hop singers are using the physical, obscene and primal style of expression because they are brought up that way. They are the victims of their environment. However, there are song lyrics that use the obscene language and words that talk about sex, killings, drugs and weapons. The videos of these kind of

A review of capital structure theories

A review of capital structure theories 1.0 Introduction One of the most contentious financial issues that have provoked intense academic research during the last decades is the theory of capital structure. Capital structure can be defined as a Mix of different securities issued by a firm (Brealey and Myers, 2003). Simply speaking, capital structure mainly contains two elements, debt and equity. In 1958, through combining tax and debt factors in a simple model to price the value of a company, Modigliani and Miller firstly begin to explore a modern capital structure theory, and their work inspired this area study. However, the MM theory has no practical use because it lacks of direct guidance for companies to determine capital structure in real life (Baxter, 1967; Sarig and Warga, 1989; Vernimmen et al, 2005). During the past years, researchers strived to establish a more reasonable capital structure theory that can be put into practices efficiently, and they attempted to expand debt ratio and tax advantage factors into a new area. Myers (1984) states that only practical capital structure theories, which introducing adjustment cost that includes agency cost and information asymmetry problems, could provide a useful guidance for firms to determine their capital structure. However, from recent studies, Myers (2001) believes that how information differences and agency costs influence the capital structure is still an open question. From this perspective, it is very important to review the development of these two factors which make theoretical research having a strong relationship with reality. Thus, this project will summarize the capital structure theories orientated by agency cost and asymmetric information from extant literature. Also some gaps and conflicts among theories of capital structure will be found and discussed in order to further improve this area study. The rest of this project is arranged as follows. Section 2 will present the theories based on agency costs that causes the conflicts between equity holders and debt holders or managers. Section 3 will illustrate from two areas, interplay of capital structure and investment, followed by signal effect of debt ratio, to show the theories based on asymmetric information. In conclusion, Section 4 will summarize the entire essay and suggest further research direction of capital structure theory. 2.0 Capital structure theories based on agency costs Although Berry and Means (1931, cited in Myers, 2001) state an adverse relationship between the separated ownership and corporate control status, it commonly admits that Jensen and Meckling (1976) firstly conducted the research in how agency costs determine capital structure (Harris and Raviv, 1991). Over the past decades, researchers have tried to add agency costs to capital structure models (Harris and Raviv, 1991). The perfect alignment between firm investors and firm agencies, such as managers, does not exist (Myers, 2001). According to Jensen and Meckling (1976), company agents, the managers, always emphasize on their own interests, such as high salary and reputation. Also these company agents use entrenching investments, which make the asset and capital structure orientated by the managements knowledge and skills, to increase their bargaining power with the true company holders (Chen and Kensinger, 1992). However, Myers (2001) believes that the firm holders can reduce such transferred value through using different kinds of methods of control and supervising, but he further points out the weakness that these methods are expensive and reduce returns. As a result, the perfect monitoring system is out of work, and agency costs are produced from these conflicts. According to Jensen and Meckling (1976), the conflicts between investors and agencies are generally divided into two types. The first conflict occurs between debt holders and equity holders, and the second conflict is from between equity holders and managers. Consequently, all the capital structure theories based on agency costs can be also classified based on these two conflicts. In the rest of this section, each individual conflict will be separately discussed. 2.1 Conflicts between Debt holders and Equity holders Jensen and Meckling (1976) point out that agency costs problems happen in determining the structure of a firms capital when the conflict between debt holders and equity holders is caused by debt contracts. Similar to Jensen and Mecklings conclusion, Myers (1977) observes that since equity holders bear the whole cost of the investment and debt holders get the main part of the profits from the investment, equity holders may have no interest in investing in value-increasing businesses when companies are likely to face bankruptcy in the short term future. Thus, if debt occupies a large part of firms capital, it will lead to the rejection of investing in more value-increased business projects. However, in 1991, Harris and Raviv cast a contrasting opinion to adjust the capital structure theory based on this conflict. They point out that most debt contracts give equity holders a push power to invest sub-optimally investment project. If the investment fails, due to limited liability, debt holders bear the consequences of a decline of the debt value, but equity holders get most of yields if the investment could generate returns above the debt par value. In order to prevent debt holders from receiving unfair treatment, equity holders normally get less for the debt than original expectation from debt holders. Thus, the agency costs are created by equity holders who issue the debt rather than debt holders reason (Harris and Raviv, 1991). Tradeoff capital structure theory has a basic and strong relationship with this type of agency costs. However, different researchers hold various explanations of the relationship. Myers (1977) points out the debt cost reason, Green (1984) announces that convertible bonds can reduce the asset substitution problem which comes from the tradeoff theory, Stulz and Johnson (1985) consider about collateral effect. In the end, only Diamond model (1989) is widely accepted. If Equity holders do not consider reputational reason, they are willing to trade relatively safe projects, but this activity will lead to less debt financing (Diamond, 1989; Mike et al, 1997). Diamond model (1989) assumes two tradeoffs, risky and risk-free, to show that the debt repayment should consider both possible investment plans. Furthermore, Mike et al (1997) use empirical evidence to indicate how to use debt to trade off these two optional investment plans. Moreover, in 1991, Harris and Raviv expanded Diamonds model to three investment choices. They point out that one choice of investment can only contain the risk-free project, one option can invest in risk project and the last option combine both risk-free and risk projects. In fact, since the reputation factor is vital for a manager, managers are willing to choose risk-free investment projects that have more possibility of success. Consequently, the amount of debt is often reduced by managers. 2.2 Conflicts between Managers and Equity holders Jensen and Meckling (1976) also states that conflicts naturally arise between managers and equity holders since managers just hold parts of the whole firms capital. Consequently, firm mangers only benefit from part of the profit generated by their business activities, but they simultaneously bear the whole cost of these actions. However, Myer (2001) casts a different opinion about the reason of the conflict and claims that in fact, managers never bear the full costs of the business activities unless the manager is also the firms investor. He further maintains that the real cause of the conflict is due to an imperfect observable reward system between investors and managers, because both parties have different standpoints to measure their own interest, especially the rewards. There are two dominant models, the Harris and Raviv model and the Stulz model, to explain this area. Although both models have a common assumption that labor contracts cannot address the conflict between managers and equity holders, both models hold different opinions about debt release and the problem in the drawbacks of debt in the capital structure. According to Harris and Raviv model (1990), managers are designed to want to continue the companys current operations all the time even if equity holders prefer the liquidation of the company. However, in Stulz model (1990), managers are keen to invest all available funds even if the equity holders can benefit from paying out cash. Moreover, Harris and Raviv (1990) point out that debt alleviates the agency costs and the conflict results from giving equity holders the chance to speed up liquidation when cash flows are hard to predict. In contrast, Stulz (1990) based on Jenson model (1986) concludes that debt payments reduce free cash flow. He further maintains that the debt costs reduce the available funds of a profitable project, since the costs result from debt payment that more than exhausts free cash flow. As a result, capital structure can be determined by trading off debt advantages against debt costs. 3.0 Capital structure theories based on asymmetric information The development of information modeling provides a possible approach to explain capital structure. In these capital structure theories, company insiders, such as managers, are assumed to obtain all private information about the investment opportunities or investment return. Some theories try to find out how the allocation of capital structure passes the insiders information of a firm to outsiders. Meanwhile, in other theories, the purpose of the capital structure is to improve efficiencies in the companys investment activities under asymmetric information (Vernimmen et al, 2005). The rest of this section will be divided into two subsections based on both sets of theories mentioned above. 3.1 Interplay of capital structure and investment This area of research begins with two vital academic papers, Myers and Majluf (1984) and Myers (1984). According to Myers and Majluf (1984), the firms equity will be mispriced by the market when investors obtain less information of one firms assets value than the firms current insiders. Moreover, they further point out that if firms issue equity to absorb capital for a new investment, mispricing may make a net loss to the firms current shareholders. In Myers second paper (1984), he formally defines this as a pecking order capital structure theory. In this theory, a firms capital structure is determined by the purpose of the company to finance new investment. Furthermore, with the development of the Myers pecking order theory, researchers find some vital empirical implications of this theory. Krasker (1986) confirms the results of Myers theory (1984) and also shows that the larger the equity issue, the worse the asymmetric information problem and the firm with worse asymmetric information problems will often have a more under price problem. Ebsen (1986) finds that if managers could trade their firms new equity, the under price problem caused by asymmetric information will be reduced. Then Dierkens (1991) argues that the under price problem can be solved by information releases such as annual financial statement reports. However, some economists cast a doubt on the pecking order theory. These theoretical researches have a common feature that they all put investment situations under the pecking order theory but provide more finance choices for a firm. Brennan and Kraus (1987) state that it is not necessary for a firm to have a preference for financing through debt over equity and the under price problem can be addressed through various financing options and simple capital structure rather than solving asymmetry information problem. Their findings are also confirmed by Noe (1988). Moreover, in 1993, Nachman and Noe put Brennan and Kraus theory into practice and also come to the same conclusion. 3.2 Signal effect of debt ratio After discussing models which investigate the interplay of capital structure and investment, it is vital to turn to models in which investment is a fixed factor and only capital structure is regarded as a private information signal. The investigation of this area starts with the work of Ross (1977). According to Rosss capital structure theory, only firms insiders, such as managers, can get full information of the firms return distribution, but investors cannot. The main empirical implication of Ross theory is that there is a positive relation between firm value and debt ratio. However, further research combines debt and dividend policy together to show an opposite opinion that a firm value is determined by dividend and debt ratio rather than a single factor of debt ratio (Vernimem et al, 2005). Furthermore, in 1982, Heinkel improve Ross model. His model is similar to Ross but does not have the same assumption. Instead, high market value firms are assumed to have high total value but low quality debt, thus high market value firms has high equity value. This finding has been consistent with further capital structure theoretical research (Franke, 1987; John, 1987). Another debt ratio signal model is built by Poitevin (1989). He firstly points out the potential competition between an entrant and an incumbent under the asymmetric information. According to Poitevin model (1989), the marginal costs of entrant are private information obtained only by the entrant, and in a stable situation, the capital of high cost entrants does not issue any debt while low cost entrants never issue equity. However, Glazer and Israel (1990) cast a different conclusion against Poitevin. They maintain that low cost entrants are willing to issue equity since they can much easier use this finance approach to reduce marginal production costs than the high cost entrants. Nevertheless, Harris and Raviv (1991) point out the weakness of the Glazer and Israel model is that they ignore the dividends finance factor which has the same signal effect as debt. Normally, a capital structure theory should combine various basic finance factors together. In the end, Glazer and Israel recognize this weakness and claim that their results cannot be considered as a capital structure theory. 4.0 Summary and Conclusion To sum up, this literature review of capital structure theories is element arranged. The set of theories based on agency costs and the set of theories based on asymmetric information are separately presented in the passage. Moreover, each set of theories can also be divided into several subsections. Agency costs cause two types of conflicts among stakeholders, and these conflicts affect a firms choice of capital structure. Moreover, capital structure theories show that under an asymmetric information situation, capital structure has a strong reaction with investment activities and debt ratio has a signaling utility for the determination of capital structure. The range of the selected paper is from 1958 to 2005. These papers cover majority parts of the study including agency costs, interplay of capital structure and investment, imperfect information situations and debt signal effect. Also these papers are all from core financial journals, e.g. Journal of Finance, Journal of Financial Economics, Journal of Financial Management, American Economic Review and Review of Financial Studies. Thus, this literature review can be considered to be efficient and thorough. This essay covers a considerable number of literatures which can present modern theoretical findings of capital structure. However, it should be noticed that the blooming period of capital structure theory is between 1970s-1980s. After 1990, the theoretical research seems to have developed very slowly, and the majority of papers in this field just review former findings since few new theories of capital structure come out. The direction of the theoretical research of capital structure should incline to be more practical. The future study should be extended in two areas. (1) Add psychosocial conditions and assumptions to improve extant capital structure theories. It is important to acknowledge that most capital structure theories cannot be used by companies in real life since these theories lacks of more reality factors. Thus, behavior finance could provide a new approach to extant theories. (2)Combine agency costs and asymmetric information problems together in one capital structure theory. Currently, both problems are discussed separately. However, companies often suffer from these two problems at the same time when they determine their capital structure. Consequently, it is necessary to set up a new theory based on both problems. Bibliography 1. Baxter, N. (1967) Leverage, risk of ruin, and the cost of capital, Journal of Finance, 22, pp. 395-403. 2. Brealey, R. A. and Myers, S. C. (2003) Principles of Corporate Finance. 7th edn. New York: The McGraw-Hill Company. 3. Brennan, M. and Alan, K. (1987) Efficient financing under asymmetric information, Journal of Finance, 42, pp 1225-1243. 4. Chen, A. H. and Kensinger, J. (1992) Uncommon Equity, Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, 5(1), pp. 36-43. 5. Diamond, D. W. (1989) Reputation acquisition in debt markets, Journal of Political Economy, 97, pp. 828-862. 6. Dierkens, N. (1991) Information Asymmetry and Equity Issues. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 26(2), pp.181-199. 7. Ebsen, E. (1986) The Valuation Effects of Corporate Debt Offerings, Journal of Financial Economics. 15(1), pp. 119-152. 8. Franke, G. (1987) Costless signaling in financial markets, Journal of Finance, 42, pp.809-822. 9. Glazer, and Israel, R. (1990) Managerial incentives and financial signaling in product market competition, International Journal of Industrial Economics, 8, pp. 271-280. 10. Green, R.C. (1984) Investment incentives, debt, and warrants, Journal of Financial Economics, 13, pp. 115-136. 11. Harris, M. and Raviv, A. 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